Growth Management in Florida by Timothy S.Chapin

Author:Timothy S.Chapin [S.Chapin, Timothy]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Science, Earth Sciences, Geography, Social Science, Anthropology, Cultural & Social
ISBN: 9781351156998
Google: nk4PEAAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2017-11-30T04:39:24+00:00

Notes: Number of observations = 670. Numbers in parentheses are standard errors.

department is certified AICP—were not significant factors. Interestingly, the third variable, the number of land improvement standards specified in plans, a measure used to measure the type and magnitude of required subdivision improvements, was found to have a significant effect; a greater number of standards resulted in less housing construction. This is consistent with Atash (1990), who argued that excessive subdivision regulations, used to govern the range and quality of on-site and off-site improvements, may have delaying effects on the approval procedures and inflationary effects on the cost of housing. Overall, these results indicate that comprehensive plans, which are intended to be direction-setting documents, do not create regulatory authority and thus do not affect housing construction significantly. In contrast, subdivision regulations, which establish standards for land improvements, might have a more binding effect on the development process; a larger number of standards can dampen the residential development market.

Consistent with the findings of Mayer and Somerville (2000), the coefficient for the delay variable was significantly negative: As the number of months needed for approval increased, the number of single family housing permits decreased. On the other hand, instruments that could shorten delay (such as technical assistance provided by local planners, online zoning and future land use maps, and fast track permit options) were associated with increases in housing construction.

Finally, the findings on the estimates of the RRI are interesting. When this index was constructed by using the ratio of the factor score of all regulatory variables for own and adjacent jurisdictions, it was not significant. However, when developed by comparing the ratio of the length of time (months) to receive subdivision approval for own and adjacent jurisdictions, the RRI was significantly negative: Longer approval time in a county, compared to that in adjacent counties, was associated with a decrease in the number of single family housing permits. In other words, a delay of receiving subdivision approval could push housing construction away, inducing the displacement of growth.

A potential problem suggested by Mayer and Somerville (2000) is that the local implementation of the GMA may be endogenously determined with new housing construction. Faster growing communities are more likely to implement the GMA more strictly, to preserve the general health and amenities of their neighborhoods. Conversely, slow growing areas might implement the GMA less strictly, to foster local economic growth. To correct for this potential endogeneity, an instrumental variable (IV) estimation was used with the following instruments: 1980 per capita income in the counties, 1980 population, and whether the county has citizen referendums (following Mayer and Somerville, 2000). The results of this regression are also presented in Table 10.3. Consistent with the results of OLS estimation, regulatory variables remained significant. This indicates that even though the local implementation of the GMA may be endogenous, the interjurisdictional spillover effect caused by different levels of its implementation is still significant.

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